As Penobscot people adopted the European technology of muzzle-loading muskets in the 17th century, they also began to use powder flasks to carry gunpowder. Typically made from cow horns, these containers served the practical purpose of keeping gunpowder dry, but they were also incised with elaborate designs and exchanged as gifts. This practice was part of military life for both Native and non-Native men, and it can sometimes be difficult to discern whether certain powder horns are Indigenous or European. The geometric patterns on this one, however, show its connections to Eastern Woodlands artistic traditions. The double curves along the sides may express the importance of balance and alliance, particularly during times of war.

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